شرح للمصطلحات الشعرية الانجليزيه وامثلة عليها لطلبه اداب انجليزي

شرح للمصطلحات الشعرية الانجليزيه وامثلة عليها

[]1- SIMILE
التشبيه

A simile is the simplest figure of speech. It is an explicit comparison between two dissimilar parties to make them similar in one or more aspect by the use of an instrument (e.g. like, as, compare; etc.)

Any simile should have four components:

tenor -1 مشبة

2- vehicle مشبة بة

3- instrument اداة الشبه

4- ground وجة الشبة

ُE.g.
For the world, which seems to lie

Before us like a land of dreams

Arnold's simile can be analyzed as follows:
The tenor: the world
The vehicle: a land of dreams
The instrument: like
The ground or the aspects of similarity: happiness, peace of mind, and joy.

فى هذا المثال شبة الشاعر العالم بارض الاحلام فيكون وجة الشبه هو الفرح وصفاء الذهن والمشبة هو العالم المشبة بة هو ارض الاحلام والاداة هى مثل

Practice:
Try to analyze the simile in the following line as I've already done above .... answer in your post

O, My love's like a red, red Rose

[center]2- METAPHOR

There are different types of metaphors let us study the first one (implied or suggested metapor)

The simplest definition of a metaphor refers to it as an implicit * comparison between two parties between two dissimilar parties to make them similar in one aspect or more without any use of instrument. The use of the "rose" in Burn's simile, "O, My love's like a red, red Rose," is different from its use in the following lines:

She was our queen, our rose, our star,

And then she danced- O heaven, her dancing !

In the above lines, the poet likens the lady concerned ( Queen Elizabeth I) to a "rose", and a "star" without using an instrument

tenor is the lady described
vehicle 1- the rose 2-the star
ground:
1- beauty of colour, tenderness, and nice smell
2- brightness, majesty, and elevation

[b][b]There are two other forms of the METAPHOR:

1- The first is the one in which an attribute or quality of the vehicle is transferred to the tenor without being related. This is clear in the following line:

She was our queen, our rose, our star,
And then she danced- O heaven, her dancing!

In the second line he says that this rose or star dances.A queen may dance, but neither a rose nor a star dances; and the de******ion of the movement and the star as dancing is metaphorical

يبقى تانى شكل من الاستعارة هو ان صفة من المشبة بة تنقل الى المشبة بطريقة غير مباشرة. يعنى المفروض ان الشاعر وصف الملكة بالزهرة والنجمة ....
يبقى الملكة = الزهرة = النجمة

فوصف فى البيت الثاني ان هذة الزهرة رقصت يبقى دة النوع التانى من الاستعارة لان الزهرة لا يمكن ان ترقص...

The third form of the METAPHOR is the one in which the poet concretizes
the abstract

EX:

[center]Love with youth flies swift away

Here the abstract noun "love" is made concrete "a bird that flies"

الشكل الثالث ان الشاعر يجعل من الشئ المعنوى كالحب مثلا شئ مادى محسوس كالطير.
[b][center][b]3- PERSONIFICATION

Personification is a metaphorical device used by poets when they:
1-humanize objects
2- or when they attribute human qualities to nonhuman objects or abstract ideas

In other words it is a type of metaphor in which the vehicle is confined to a human being. When Robert Herrick says to the daffodils

[center]And having prayed together, we

will go with you along

We realize that he is using the word "prayed" in a metaphorical sense. People pray, but the daffodils do not; and so they are personified in order to convince* the reader of the flower's delicacy.

Let us look analyze the following example

[center]Let not ambition* mock* their useful toil

In this line the poet personifies both ambition by comparing it to someone who mocks

Also the use of the third person pronouns (he, she, him, his, her) to refer to nonhuman objects is another device of making personification. Spenser personifies Phoebus* in "Eliza*"

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